Part A (Q4): Define social action and its scope in India.

Social Action is an organized, collective effort to change or reform social and economic institutions, policies, or oppressive structures. It is the most confrontational of the social work methods, often used when those in power refuse to negotiate, aiming to redistribute power and resources to the marginalized.

Scope in India: The scope for social action in India is vast due to deep-rooted systemic inequalities:

1. Rights of Marginalized Groups: Organizing Dalits, Adivasis, and women to fight against systemic discrimination, untouchability, and gender-based violence.
2. Environmental Protection: Movements against corporate exploitation of natural resources that displace indigenous populations (e.g., Narmada Bachao Andolan, anti-mining protests).
3. Labor Rights: Organizing unorganized sector workers (farmers, domestic workers, gig workers) to demand fair wages and safe working conditions.
4. Policy Advocacy: Pressuring the government for progressive legislation (e.g., the campaigns that led to the Right to Information Act and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act).