Part B (Q8): What are the different principles of Social Action? Define with examples.

Social action must be strategic and ethical to be effective. Key principles include:

1. Principle of Credibility: The leaders of the movement must be highly trusted by the masses and possess unquestionable integrity.
   • Example: Gandhi's ascetic lifestyle and personal sacrifices gave him immense credibility among the Indian masses, making them willing to follow him into civil disobedience.
2. Principle of Legitimization: The movement must justify its cause to the broader public to gain moral support. This is often done by grounding demands in constitutional rights or universal human rights.
   • Example: A movement demanding access to clean water legitimizes its cause by citing the constitutional right to life, rather than just asking for a favor.
3. Principle of Dramatization: To overcome public apathy, the movement must capture attention using symbols, songs, and dramatic forms of protest.
   • Example: The Chipko movement women hugging trees was a highly dramatic and visual tactic that immediately captured national media attention regarding deforestation.
4. Principle of Multiple Strategies: A movement cannot rely on one tactic. It must continuously shift strategies to keep the opposition off-balance.
   • Example: A labor union might first use formal negotiation (collaborative), then move to public rallies (campaign), and finally to a hunger strike (confrontational) if demands aren't met.
5. Principle of Non-Violence (Satyagraha): Violence alienates public sympathy and gives authorities the excuse to crush the movement brutally. Non-violence maintains the moral high ground.
   • Example: Martin Luther King Jr.'s strict adherence to non-violent protest during the Civil Rights Movement exposed the brutality of segregationists to the world.