Part A (Q3): Define the concept of Welfare State.

A Welfare State is a concept of government wherein the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.

It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. Unlike a purely capitalist "laissez-faire" state, a welfare state actively intervenes in the economy to provide social safety nets—such as free public education, universal healthcare, unemployment benefits, and old-age pensions—ensuring that no citizen falls below a minimum standard of dignified living.