Part A (Q2): Explain the concept of Welfare State.

A Welfare State is a concept of government wherein the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.

It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. Unlike a purely capitalist state that relies entirely on the free market, a welfare state actively intervenes to provide social safety nets—such as free public education, universal healthcare, and unemployment benefits—ensuring that no citizen falls below a minimum standard of dignified living.